How Many Users Are Responsible For How Much Hate?

Hate speech is unevenly distributed

Hate speech is not written by all users. On the contrary: a small number of users are responsible for the vast majority of hate speech found in online comments.

Specifically, our 2025 data show that 46% of all hate comments were written by just one percent of commenting users; 5% of users account for 78% of all hate speech produced. Meanwhile, over 70% of commenting users never write hateful posts at all. However, those who do write hate speech also produce many harmless posts — they are simply very active on the platforms overall.

As a reminder: most hateful comments never get published because media organizations filter them out during moderation. The figures described here refer to written posts, not published ones.

How do we calculate these statistics?

First, we measure how many of the posts written in 2025 contained any hate speech. In total, this was the case for 241,155 posts, or 5.4% of all posts written. Then, for each of the 94,430 users, we calculate what share of these 241,155 hate posts they were responsible for. Finally, we group users into percentiles based on this share — from the most hateful one percent down to the 71 percent of users who are completely free of hate speech.